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The characteristics of public health teaching are discussed in this paper from the aspects of public health curriculum system and difficulties of public health curriculum. The application status of flipped classroom, MOOC, distance learning, online course, Elearning, UMU online education platform and other smart teaching methods in public health teaching are summarized. It is suggested that the level of smart public health teaching should be improved from the perspectives of learning autonomy, deep integration of teaching and technology and construction of smart classrooms.
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Objective:To investigate the role of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in anti-β 2GP1/β 2GP1 complex-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular trapping networks (NETs). Methods:Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from healthy humans by density gradient centrifugation. PAD4 expression was detected by Western blot after the neutrophils were incubated with anti-β 2GP1/β 2GP1 complex (100 μg/ml) for a certain period of time. PAD4 inhibitor Cl-amidine (10 μmol/L) was used to pretreat neutrophils. Changes in the expression of citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) at protein level and the relative content of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. A mouse thrombus model of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was established by inferior vena cava stenosis. Intervention experiments were performed by intraperitoneal injection of Cl-amidine (50 mg/kg). The expression of CitH3 at protein level in plasma was detected by Western blot. The concentration of circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) in plasma was measured with fluorescent staining. Thrombus in inferior vena cava was collected and weighted to evaluate whether inhibiting the activity of PAD4 would suppress the APS-IgG-induced formation of NETs and thrombosis. Differences among groups were analyzed by t test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results:The expression of PAD4 induced by anti-β 2GP1/β 2GP1 complex was significantly down-regulated in the cytoplasm, but increased in the nucleus [(3.67±0.32) vs (1.47±0.19), t=10.22, P<0.05; (0.57±0.19) vs (2.97±0.31), t=11.49, P<0.05]. Cl-amidine significantly inhibited the anti-β 2GP1/β 2GP1 complex-induced expression of CitH3 protein by neutrophils [(2.46±0.47) vs (0.46±0.13), t=12.24, P<0.01], and reduced the MPO-DNA content in the culture supernatants [(4.09±0.94) vs (2.80±0.57), t=4.23, P<0.05]. In vivo, Cl-amidine significantly inhibited the expression of CitH3 protein [(3.97±0.56) vs (1.09±0.45), t=11.83, P<0.01] and decreased the content of cf-DNA [(2 685.0±735.8) vs (1 784.0±577.0), t=3.93, P<0.05] in plasma of APS mice. Compared with the experimental APS mice in the control group, the weight of thrombus in the APS mice pretreated with Cl-amidine was significantly reduced [(8.22±3.06) vs (4.89±1.90), t=2.27, P<0.05]. Conclusions:PAD4 was involved in the formation of NETs induced by anti-β 2GP1/β 2GP1 complex, which might play an important role in APS thrombosis.
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Pterocypsela is a very important traditional Chinese medicine from the tribe Cichorieae of Asteraceae. Mitotic chromosome numbers and karyotypes are reported for P. formosana and P. elata from Hunan and Hubei province, China. The former is new and the latter provide confirmation of previous reference. All P. taxa are diploidy with 2n = 18 and their basic number is tentatively suggested as x = 9. Karyotype of Pterocypsela is 2A and P. formosana with a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 18 = 4m + 14sm, and 2n = 2x = 18 = 2m + 8sm +8st for P. elata. It is the first time to report the AI value for Pterocypsela in this paper. Cytological data of chromosomal numbers and karyotypes were used to discuss the close relationships of the Pterocypsela genus and the taxonomy of the medicinal plants.
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Asteraceae , Classification , Cell Biology , Genetics , Chromosomes, Plant , Genetics , Diploidy , KaryotypingABSTRACT
Objective To explore the prevalence of hypertension in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS).Methods Ninety snoring children were enrolled and stayed in sleeping monitor unit for a night.24 h ambulatory blood pressure(ABP)monitoring and polysomnography were simultaneously carried out. The children were classified depending of [Apnea Hypopnea Index(AHI≥5)] as OSAS group and(AHI
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein expression in normal prostates (NP), benign prostatic glandular hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate adenocarcinoma (Pca).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIF-1alpha protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 13 cases of NP, 28 cases of BPH, and 34 cases of Pca. In cases of Pca, the relationship between HIF-1alpha protein expression and certain clinicopathological factors, such as clinicopathologic stage and Gleason score, was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NP manifested no immunoreactivity, whereas Pca and BPH showed significantly increased HIF-1alpha protein expression. A significantly higher expression was observed in Pca specimens compared with BPH samples. In Pca, no significant relationship between HIF-1alpha protein expression and clinicopathological factors was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings of increased HIF-1alpha protein expression in BPH and Pca specimens suggests the potential role of this protein in BPH and Pca.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , DNA-Binding Proteins , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Immunohistochemistry , Nuclear Proteins , Prostate , Chemistry , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms , Chemistry , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To discuss a method to show the structure of small mammary gland well by computed radiography(CR).Methods By analyzing 150 radiographs of mammary glands,the results showed that the mammary structure showed well whether or not was depended on the size of mammary gland.Using 24 steps aluminum ladder mimiced the small mammary gland and radiography was taken with various parameters and different imaging plate(IP) shading ways,then processed and printed,after that it was measured by density instrument.Results The display of grey scale of 24 steps aluminum ladder was improved if shading 10~15 mm margin of the IP by collimator or shading the central by a square cuprum plate with 22 mm length and 0.2 mm thickness.Radiography of small mammary gland by the same way was performed and the mammary structure was also showed well.Conclusion Shading the exposing areas properly by collimator or cuprum plate during CR can apparently improve the display of small mammary structure.